Platform Companies on the Internet as a New Organizational Form. A Sociological Perspective

16. März 2023

Der von Ulrich Dolata und mir verfasste Artikel »Platform Companies on the Internet as a New Organizational Form. A Sociological Perspective« ist nun in Innovation: The European Journal of Social Science Research erschienen. Abstract:

Today’s internet is shaped by privately operated platforms that not only organize economic processes but also coordinate and regulate broader societal contexts. Against this background, this conceptual paper develops a sociological notion of platform companies and the platforms they operate as a new type of enterprise that consists not only of economic features (business and revenue models, exploitation patterns, market relations) but also of action-orienting rules, institutional infrastructures and social relations between a great variety of individual, corporate and collective actors that clearly reach beyond economic contexts and far into society. To this end, we specify the often fuzzy talk of ‘the platforms’ by drawing an analytical distinction between (1) the platform-operating companies as organizing cores whose goal is to operate a profitable business; (2) the platforms belonging to them as technically mediated market and social action spaces that provide the basis for not only economic but also genuine social activities on today’s internet; and (3) the institutionalized coordination, control and exploitation mechanisms implemented by the platform operators, linking these two constitutive levels of the platform architecture.


SOI Discussion Paper: Platform Architectures

21. Januar 2022

In der Reihe Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Organisations- und Innovationssoziologie ist das Diskussionspapier »Platform Architectures. The Structuration of Platform Companies on the Internet« (PDF) erschienen. Abstract:

Today’s internet is shaped largely by privately operated platforms of various kinds. This paper asks how the various commercially operated communication, market, consumption and service platforms can be grasped as a distinct organizational form of enterprise. To this end, we make a basic distinction between (1) the platform-operating companies as organizing and structuring cores whose goal is to run a profitable business, and (2) the platforms belonging to these companies as more or less extensive, rule-based and strongly technically mediated social action spaces. While platform companies are essentially organizations in an almost archetypical sense, the internet platforms they operate constitute socio-technically structured social, market, consumption or service spaces in which social actors interact on the basis of detailed and technically framed rules, albeit, at the same time, in a varied and idiosyncratic manner.

The thesis of this paper is that the coordination, control and exploitation mechanisms characteristic of the platform architectures are characterized by a strong hierarchical orientation in which elements of co-optation and the orchestrated participation of users are embedded. In this hybrid constellation, the platform companies have a high degree of structure-giving, rule-setting and controlling power—in addition to exclusive access to the raw data material generated there. While this power may manifest, at times, as rigid control, direct coercion or enforceable accountability, for the majority of rule-obeying users it unfolds nearly imperceptibly and largely silently beneath the surface of a (supposed) openness that likewise characterizes the platforms as technically mediated spaces for social and economic exchange. 

Platform Architectures

Digitale Plattformen in kommerziellen und gemeinwohlorientierten Arbeitszusammenhängen

17. April 2021

Der Abschlussbericht unseres Projekts zu digitalen Plattformen in kommerziellen und gemeinwohlorientierten Arbeitszusammenhängen (2017–2020) ist als Study 460 der Hans-Böckler-Stiftung erschienen. Klappentext:

Diese Studie nimmt den Einsatz von digitalen Plattformen in kommerziellen und gemeinwohlorientierten Arbeitszusammenhängen in den Blick. Ausgehend von Fallstudien zu neuen Formen der kollaborativen Herstellung und Entwicklung sowie zu kommerziellen und gemeinwohlorientierten Ausprägungen der Plattformarbeit untersucht sie das veränderte Zusammenspiel von technischen und sozialen Strukturierungsleistungen in der Koordination von Arbeit. Daran anknüpfend fragt die Studie nach dem arbeitspolitischen Regelungsbedarf, der sich aus den betrachteten Rekonfigurationen ergibt.


Splitter: »Algorithmic Governance«

6. Dezember 2019

Christian Katzenbach (HIIG Berlin) und Lena Ulbricht (WZB) haben einen handlichen und systematisierenden Artikel zu »Algorithmic Governance« verfasst, der sich kostenfrei abrufen lässt. Das Abstract:

Algorithmic governance as a key concept in controversies around the emerging digital society highlights the idea that digital technologies produce social ordering in a specific way. Starting with the origins of the concept, this paper portrays different perspectives and objects of inquiry where algorithmic governance has gained prominence ranging from the public sector to labour management and ordering digital communication. Recurrent controversies across all sectors such as datafication and surveillance, bias, agency and transparency indicate that the concept of algorithmic governance allows to bring objects of inquiry and research fields that had not been related before into a joint conversation. Short case studies on predictive policy and automated content moderation show that algorithmic governance is multiple, contingent and contested. It takes different forms in different contexts and jurisdictions, and it is shaped by interests, power, and resistance.


Splitter: »Das Phänomen Sharing Economy am Beispiel des Foodsektors«

26. Juli 2019

Im Juli 2019 ist das HBS Working Paper Forschungsförderung 145 mit dem Titel »Das Phänomen Sharing Economy am Beispiel des Foodsektors« von Jasmin Schreyer erschienen. Weitere Informationen